גדילן מצוי – Silybum marianum
קוץ חד-שנתי הפורח באביב ובראשית הקיץ, ממארס עד מאי, שכיח מאוד בצידי דרכים, שולי שדות ומעזבות. הוא מתנשא לגובה של 150 ס”מ ואף יותר. עלי השושנה בבסיס הצמח גדולים ושסועים. שפת העלה מסתיימת בקוצים דוקרנים.
בסוף האביב הצמח מתייבש, ובראש כל תפרחת שנראית כמו קוץ , ישנם זרעים. הזרעים מכילים –חומר הנקרא סילמרין, המחדש ומנקה את תאי הכבד, ונחשב למשקם הכבד הטוב ביותר שיש (שגם הוכח מדעית). הזרעים הצעירים נאכלים טריים, טעימים מאוד. הזרעים היבשים (חומים) נאכלים חיים או קלויים, הקלייה מפיגה את מרירותם. ניתן לחלוט, לטחון או להנביט, וגם להפיק שמן רפואי חזק.
מחקרים בינלאומיים רבים חקרו את יכולת הגדילן לתמוך בבריאות הכבד ולהפחית סיכון למחלות כבד, ונמצאו תוצאות חיוביות: (1-3)
השם Silybum נגזר מהמילה היוונית שמשמעותה “ציצית”.
שמותיו האנגליים של הגדילן נקשרים לאגדה על מריה אֵם ישו, שהסתתרה במסתור גדילנים מפני חייליו של הורדוס אשר רדפו אותה, ובזמן שהיניקה את בנה טפטף חלב על עלי הגדילן וסימן אותם בקווים לבנים, ומאז הוא מכוּנה “החוח של גבירתנו” (Our Lady’s Thistle).
לגדילן שם בוטני נוסף, Cardus marianum.
רכיבים פעילים עיקריים
פלבונו-ליגנאנים (1.5-3% מכלל הצמח. מתוך זה, 65-80% סילימרין (Silymarin)), וכן תרכובות פלבונואידיות נוספות: קוורצטין, קמפרול, אפיגנין. בנוסף, קיימים בצמח סטרולים וחומצות אורגניות.
*התרכובת העיקרית (Silymarin) מכילה ארבעה פלבונו-ליגנאנים (flavonoligans) ראשיים הכוללים: silybin (silibinin), isosilybin, silydianin, silychristin.
יתרונות בריאותיים של תמצית זרעי גדילן מצוי:
- שיקום של תאי כבד.
- החזרה לאחור של מצבים פתולוגיים בכבד.
- טיפול בכבד שומני, בכבד מוגדל, בכבד גדוש.
- הפחתת חמצון משמעותית גם בכבד וגם בכלל.
- נוֹגד חִמצון,
- נוֹגד דַלקת,
- נוֹגד סַרטן,
- נוֹגד אַלרגיה,
- אנטי ויראלי,
- מוריד רמות סוכר בדם,
- ממריץ ייצור מרה והפרשתה,
- מוריד רמות שומנים/כולסטרול בדם,
- מגן על הכליות,
- מגן שריר הלב,
- מחזק/מזין מערכת העצבים,
- מעכב תהליכי הזדקנות,
- סופח מתכות (קלטור),
- מגביר ייצור חלב בהנקה.
מקורות מחקריים:
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