Fraud Blocker
לוגו חדש צמח החיים מבית ליקוטבע 500_

צמח החיים

פתרונות טבעיים מתקדמים לאורח חיים בריא

שכיזנדרה סינית – Schisandra chinensis

היא צמח פרחים ממשפחת השיזנדרות המגיעות במקור מדרום סין, קוריאה, רוסיה ומספר מדינות באזור המזרח הרחוק.

נהוג לעשות שימוש בפירות בשלים /מיובשים ובזרעים לאכילה משמעות השם הסיני (Wu Wei Zi) היא ״פרי בעל חמישה טעמים״. בשל הטעמים המצויים בפרי: בעיקר חמוץ, אבל גם פיקנטי, מריר, מלוח, מתקתק,

ברפואה הסינית, נחשב הפרי, בשל ריבוי טעמיו, כמשפיע על כל האיברים הפנימיים.
לפי הרפואה הסינית מבחינים בין (Schisandra chinensis (Wu Wei Zi שהחלק שעושים בו שימוש הוא הפירות הבשלים ובין (Schisandra Sphenanthera (Nan Wu Wei Zi שבו משתמשים גם בעלים ובענפים. זני הצמח שונים במבנם המורפולוגי ובהרכבם. מונוגרף זה יתייחס רק לפירות ולזרעי הצמח Schisandra chinensis.

צבעם של פירות השכיזנדרה אדום בוהק והם גדלים כאשכולות על צמח מטפס נשיר. מרבית המחקרים המודרניים אודות הצמח מגיעים ממדינות ברית המועצות לשעבר מהתקופה שלאחר מלחמת העולם השנייה, כאשר המשטר הסובייטי הורה לחקור את הצמח הסיני המכונה Limonnik בהשראת השימוש בו בשבט הננאי (Nanai), שבט של ציידים נוודים ממזרח המדינה שהשתמשו בצמח במסעותיהם כדי לשפר את ראיית הלילה וכדי להתגבר על רעב, צמא ותשישות, ולבחון את אפשרויות השימוש בו כ”מקור לחומצות אורגניות, שמנים אתריים וחומרים מחזקים”.

בשנות השישים של המאה הקודמת זכה הצמח למעמד רשמי ברפואה הממוסדת בברית המועצות לשעבר כטוניק, מפחית תיאבון ועייפות, מעכב תהליכי הזדקנות, מגביר חיוניות ומשפר את הבריאות המנטלית.

צבעם של פירות השכיזנדרה אדום בוהק והם גדלים כאשכולות על צמח מטפס נשיר. מרבית המחקרים המודרניים אודות הצמח מגיעים ממדינות ברית המועצות לשעבר מהתקופה שלאחר מלחמת העולם השנייה, כאשר המשטר הסובייטי הורה לחקור את הצמח הסיני המכונה Limonnik בהשראת השימוש בו בשבט הננאי (Nanai), שבט של ציידים נוודים ממזרח המדינה שהשתמשו בצמח במסעותיהם כדי לשפר את ראיית הלילה וכדי להתגבר על רעב, צמא ותשישות, ולבחון את אפשרויות השימוש בו כ”מקור לחומצות אורגניות, שמנים אתריים וחומרים מחזקים”.

בשנות השישים של המאה הקודמת זכה הצמח למעמד רשמי ברפואה הממוסדת בברית המועצות לשעבר כטוניק, מפחית תיאבון ועייפות, מעכב תהליכי הזדקנות, מגביר חיוניות ומשפר את הבריאות המנטלית.

רכיבים פעילים עיקריים

ליגנאנים* (כ- 4-19% ממשקל הפירות היבשים; ביניהם Deoxyschisandrin, Gomisin A , Schisandrin, Schisandrin B, Schisandrin C, γ-Schisandrin, Schisanthenol, Schisantherin A, Schisantherin B, Schisanchinins A–D, Schineolignans A–C, Schinlignins A and B), טריטרפנואידים (schindilactone A-C, pre-schisanartanes—schisanartanins A and B, bisnortriterpenoids), פנולים (chlorogenic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, salicylic, gentisic, syringic acids) פלבונואידים (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin), חומצות אורגניות (עד 18% ממשקל הפירות היבשים, ביניהם citrus, tartaric, malic, fumaric acids), פיטוסטרוֹלים (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol), שמן נדיף (3% מסך הצמח, כולל ססקוויטרפנים ומונוטרפנים:sesquicarene, bisabolene, ɑ-bergamotene, β-chamigrene, β-himachalene, ylangene, citral), פוליסכרידים ומונוסכרידים, מינרלים (סידן, מגנזיום, ברזל, מנגן, בורון, אבץ, כרום, ניקל, נחושת, קובלט), ויטמין C וויטמין E.

פעילות רפואית חיובית:

אדפטוגן (טוניק),

מרגיע, משרה שינה

משקם ותומך במערכת העצבים,

נוֹגד דִיכאון,

נוֹגד חַרדה,

מווסת חיסון,

נוֹגד דַלקת,

מגן כבד,

ממריץ מרה והפרשתה,

משפר תפקוד כלי דם,

מווסת לחץ דם,

מגן/מחזק לב,

נוֹגד חִמצון,

מוריד רמות סוכר בדם (היפוגליקמי),

סוּכרת, הַשמנה ותסמונת מטבולית

מוריד רמות שומנים/כולסטרול בדם,

מגן כליות,

נוֹגד סַרטן,

מקדם אסטרוגן,

מאזן חומציות קיבה,

מעודד התחדשות רקמות,

מצמת,

נוֹגד זִיהום.

גיל המעבַר בנשים
פעילות אדפטוגנית

גַסטריטיס וכיבים פפטיים

שיפור תפקודי הראייה

הגנה על העור

פעילות אנטי מיקרוביאלית

מקורות מחקריים:

Liao S, Zhou K, Li D, Xie X, Jun F, Wang J. Schisantherin A suppresses interleukin-1β-induced inflammation in human chondrocytes via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs activation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Jun 5;780:65-70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26997368

Jeong JW, Lee HH, Choi EO, et al. Schisandrae Fructus Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inflammatory Mediators Production in SW1353 Human Chondrocytes by Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Activation. Drug Dev Res. 2015 Dec;76(8):474-83. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26443270

Kook M, Lee SK, Kim SD, et al. Anti-septic activity of α-cubebenoate isolated from Schisandra chinensis. BMB Rep. 2015 Jun;48(6):336-41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4578620/

Jung YS, Lee SK, Ok CY, et al. Role of CXCR2 on the immune modulating activity of α-iso-cubebenol a natural compound isolated from the Schisandra chinensis fruit. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Feb 15;431(3):433-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23333379

Lee SK, Kim SD, Kook M, et al. Therapeutic effects of α-iso-cubebenol, a natural compound isolated from the Schisandra chinensis fruit, against sepsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Oct 26;427(3):547-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23022181

Lee SK, Kim SD, Lee HY, et al. α-Iso-cubebene, a natural compound isolated from Schisandra chinensis fruit, has therapeutic benefit against polymicrobial sepsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Sep 21;426(2):226-31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22940134

Chiu HF, Chen TY, Tzeng YT, Wang CK. Improvement of liver function in humans using a mixture of schisandra fruit extract and sesamin. Phytother Res. 2013 Mar;27(3):368-73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22610748

Melhem A, Stern M, Shibolet O, Israeli E, Ackerman Z, Pappo O, Hemed N, Rowe M, Ohana H, Zabrecky G, Cohen R, Ilan Y. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection via antioxidants: results of a phase I clinical trial. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep;39(8):737-42. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16082287

Yip AY, Loo WT, Chow LW. Fructus Schisandrae (Wuweizi) containing compound in modulating human lymphatic system – a Phase I minimization clinical trial. Biomed Pharmacother. 2007 Oct;61(9):588-90. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17913449

Liu GT. Pharmacological actions and clinical uses of Fructus schizandrae. In: Zhou I et al. eds. Recent advances in Chinese herbal drugs–actions and uses. Chin Med J (Engl). 1989 Oct;102(10):740-9.

Wang KP, Bai Y, Wang J, Zhang JZ. Inhibitory effects of Schisandra chinensis on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Mol Med Rep. 2014 May;9(5):1813-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604262

He JL, Zhou ZW, Yin JJ, He CQ, Zhou SF, Yu Y. Schisandra chinensis regulates drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters via activation of Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2014 Dec 17;9:127-46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25552902

Stacchiotti A, Li Volti G, Lavazza A, Rezzani R, Rodella LF. Schisandrin B stimulates a cytoprotective response in rat liver exposed to mercuric chloride. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Nov;47(11):2834-40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19747521

Jiang Y, Fan X, Wang Y, Tan H, Chen P, Zeng H, Huang M, Bi H. Hepato-protective effects of six schisandra lignans on acetaminophen-induced liver injury are partially associated with the inhibition of CYP-mediated bioactivation. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Apr 25;231:83-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25753323

Jiang YM, Wang Y, Tan HS, Yu T, Fan XM, Chen P, Zeng H, Huang M, Bi HC. Schisandrol B protects against acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice via activation of the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016 Mar;37(3):382-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806302

Lee SB, Kim CY, Lee HJ, Yun JH, Nho CW. Induction of the phase II detoxification enzyme NQO1 in hepatocarcinoma cells by lignans from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis through nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Planta Med. 2009 Oct;75(12):1314-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19452436

Li B, Zhu L, Wu T, Zhang J, Jiao X, Liu X, Wang Y, Meng X. Effects of triterpenoid from Schisandra chinensis on oxidative stress in alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2015 Mar;71(2):803-11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25262104

Zhu M, Yeung RY, Lin KF, Li RC. Improvement of phase I drug metabolism with Schisandra chinensis against CCl4 hepatotoxicity in a rat model. Planta Med. 2000 Aug;66(6):521-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10985077

Zhu M, Lin KF, Yeung RY, Li RC. Evaluation of the protective effects of Schisandra chinensis on Phase I drug metabolism using a CCl4 intoxication model. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Oct;67(1):61-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10616961

Jang HI, Do GM, Lee HM, et al. Schisandra Chinensis Baillon regulates the gene expression of phase II antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes in hepatic damage induced rats. Nutr Res Pract. 2014 Jun;8(3):272-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24944771

Yu C, Chai X, Yu L, Chen S, Zeng S. Identification of novel pregnane X receptor activators from traditional Chinese medicines. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Jun 14;136(1):137-43. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21524698

Zeng H, Jiang Y, Chen P, Fan X, Li D, Liu A, Ma X, Xie W, Liu P, Gonzalez FJ, Huang M, Bi H. Schisandrol B protects against cholestatic liver injury through pregnane X receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2017 Apr;174(8):672-688. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28128437

Kim KJ, Yoon KY, Hong HD, Lee BY. Schisandra chinensis prevents hepatic lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rats subjected to heat environmental stress. Phytother Res. 2012 Nov;26(11):1674-80. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22389228

Zheng N, Liu F, Lu H, Zhan Y, Zhang M, Guo W, Ding G. Schisantherin A protects against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Jun;47:28-37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28364626

Chen Q, Zhan Q, Li Y, Sun S, Zhao L, Zhang H, Zhang G. Schisandra Lignan Extract Protects against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Regulating the NF-κB and JNK Signaling Pathways. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:5140297. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28246539

Chen Q, Zhang H, Cao Y, et al. Schisandrin B attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats by regulation of Nrf2-ARE and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Jul 26;11:2179-2191. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28794616

Gao Z, Zhang J, Li L, et al. Heat shock proteins 27 and 70 contribute to the protection of Schisandrin B against d-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 Apr;94(4):373-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26666831

Li L, Zhang T, Zhou L, et al. Schisandrin B attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury through heat-shock protein 27 and 70 in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Mar;29(3):640-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24219791

Pu HJ, Cao YF, He RR, Zhao ZL, Song JH, Jiang B, Huang T, Tang SH, Lu JM, Kurihara H. Correlation between Antistress and Hepatoprotective Effects of Schisandra Lignans Was Related with Its Antioxidative Actions in Liver Cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:161062. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22792122

Kubo S, Ohkura Y, Mizoguchi Y, Matsui-Yuasa I, Otani S, Morisawa S, Kinoshita H, Takeda S, Aburada M, Hosoya E. Effect of Gomisin A (TJN-101) on liver regeneration. Planta Med. 1992 Dec;58(6):489-92. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1484885

Takeda S, Kase Y, Arai I, Ohkura Y, Hasegawa M, Sekiguchi Y, Tatsugi A, Funo S, Aburada M, Hosoya E. Effects of TJN-101, a lignan compound isolated from Schisandra fruits, on liver fibrosis and on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats with chronic liver injury induced by CCl4, Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1987 Jul;90(1):51-65. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2820852

Jiang Y, Fan X, Wang Y, Chen P, Zeng H, Tan H, Gonzalez FJ, Huang M, Bi H. Schisandrol B protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibition of CYP-mediated bioactivation and regulation of liver regeneration. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Jan;143(1):107-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25319358

Lu Y, Wang WJ, Song YZ, Liang ZQ. The protective mechanism of schisandrin A in d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury through activation of autophagy. Pharm Biol. 2014 Oct;52(10):1302-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24992201

Li X, Sun J, Fan X, Guan L, Li D, Zhou Y, Zeng X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Xu L, Jiang F, Huang M, Bi H. Schisandrol B promotes liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2018 Jan 5;818:96-102. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29066412

Park HJ, Lee SJ, Song Y, et al. Schisandra chinensis prevents alcohol-induced fatty liver disease in rats. J Med Food. 2014 Jan;17(1):103-10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24456360

Yun YR, Kim JH, Kim JH, Jung MH. Protective effects of gomisin N against hepatic steatosis through AMPK activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017 Jan 22;482(4):1095-1101. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914812

Kim M, Lim SJ, Lee HJ, Kim SY, Nho CW. Gomisin J Inhibits Oleic Acid-Induced Hepatic Lipogenesis by Activation of the AMPK-Dependent Pathway and Inhibition of the Hepatokine Fetuin-A in HepG2 Cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Nov 11;63(44):9729-39. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26455261

Wang CM, Yuan RS, Zhuang WY, Sun JH, Wu JY, Li H, Chen JG. Schisandra polysaccharide inhibits hepatic lipid accumulation by downregulating expression of SREBPs in NAFLD mice. Lipids Health Dis. 2016 Nov 16;15(1):195. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5112637/

Pan SY, Dong H, Zhao XY, et al. Schisandrin B from Schisandra chinensis reduces hepatic lipid contents in hypercholesterolaemic mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;60(3):399-403. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18284822

Jang MK, Nam JS, Kim JH, Yun YR, Han CW, Kim BJ, Jeong HS, Ha KT, Jung MH. Schisandra chinensis extract ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Jun 5;185:96-104. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26972505

Jang MK, Yun YR, Kim SH, Kim JH, Jung MH. Protective Effect of Gomisin N against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Hepatic Steatosis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016 May 1;39(5):832-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26860972

Leong PK, Ko KM. Schisandrin B: A Double-Edged Sword in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:6171658. Epub 2016 Oct 26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27847552

Takimoto Y, Qian HY, Yoshigai E, Okumura T, Ikeya Y, Nishizawa M. Gomisin N in the herbal drug gomishi (Schisandra chinensis) suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase gene via C/EBPβ and NF-κB in rat hepatocytes. Nitric Oxide. 2013 Jan 15;28:47-56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085209

Azzam HS, Goertz C, Fritts M, Jonas WB. Natural products and chronic hepatitis C virus. Liver Int. 2007 Feb;27(1):17-25 . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17241377

Nagai H, Yakuo I, Aoki M. The effect of gomisin A on immunologic liver injury in mice. Planta Med, 1989. Feb;55(1):13-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717684

Qian XJ, Zhang XL, Zhao P, Jin YS, Chen HS, Xu QQ, Ren H, Zhu SY, Tang HL, Zhu YZ, Qi ZT. A Schisandra-Derived Compound Schizandronic Acid Inhibits Entry of Pan-HCV Genotypes into Human Hepatocytes. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 2;6:27268. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27252043

Tsi D, Tan A. Evaluation on the combined effect of Sesamin and Schisandra extract on blood fluidity. Bioinformation. 2008 Jan 27;2(6):249-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18317575

Ciumaşu-Rîmbu M, Popa L, Vulpoi C. Neuropeptide Y stimulation as primary target for preventive measures of maladaptative cardiovascular reactions in occupational chronic stress exposure. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2012 Jul-Sep;116(3):790-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23272529

Agejenko AS, Komissarenko BT. Schizandra and its Therapeutic Administration. Sakhalinsk Book Press, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1960, p. 38.

Batkin IZ. To the problem of vascular reactions in healthy men and the effect of Schizandra chinensis on them. Dissertation for a Degree in Medicine. Voronez State Medical University, Voronezh, 1962, p. 21.

Chun JN, Cho M, So I, Jeon JH, The protective effects of Schisandra chinensis fruit extract and its lignans against cardiovascular disease: a review of the molecular mechanisms. Fitoterapia. 2014 Sep; 97:224-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24976588

Park JY, Choi YW, Yun JW, et al. Gomisin J from Schisandra chinensis induces vascular relaxation via activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Vascul Pharmacol. 2012 Sep-Oct;57(2-4):124-30 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22728282

Chen JY, Ye ZX, Wang XF, Chang J, Yang MW, Zhong HH, Hong FF, Yang SL. Nitric oxide bioavailability dysfunction involves in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jan;97:423-428. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29091892

Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EH. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease – a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol. 219 (2017) 22–96. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26706498

Kim EY, Baek IH, Rhyu MR. Cardioprotective effects of aqueous Schizandra chinensis fruit extract on ovariectomized and balloon-induced carotid artery injury rat models: effects on serum lipid profiles and blood pressure. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Apr 12;134(3):668-75. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21256204

Lee YJ, Cho JY, Kim JH, et al. Extracts from Schizandra chinensis fruit activate estrogen receptors: a possible clue to its effects on nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Jul;27(7):1066-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256741

Rhyu MR, Kim EY, Yoon BK, Lee YJ, Chen SN. Aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis fruit causes endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation of isolated rat thoracic aorta. Phytomedicine. 2006 Nov;13(9-10):651-7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711306000390

Goetz RM, Thatte HS, Prabhakar P, Cho MR, Michel T, Golan DE. Estradiol induces the calcium-dependent translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999 Mar 16;96(6):2788-93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10077589

Park JY, Shin HK, Lee YJ, Choi YW, Bae SS, Kim CD. The mechanism of vasorelaxation induced by Schisandra chinensis extract in rat thoracic aorta. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jan 12;121(1):69-73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18983904

Park JY, Shin HK, Choi YW, Lee YJ, Bae SS, Han J, Kim CD. Gomisin A induces Ca2+-dependent activation of eNOS in human coronary artery endothelial cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Sep 7;125(2):291-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19577623

Luo S, Lei H, Qin H, Xia Y. Molecular mechanisms of endothelial NO synthase uncoupling. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(22):3548-53. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24180388

Young Park J, Wook Yun J, Whan Choi Y, et al. Antihypertensive effect of gomisin A from Schisandra chinensison angiotensin II-induced hypertension via preservation of nitric oxide bioavailability, Hypertens Res. 2012 Sep;35(9):928-34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22534517

Alexander JS, Wang Y. Therapeutic potential of Schisandra chinensis extracts for treatment of hypertension. Introduction to: ‘antihypertensive effect of gomisin A from Schisandra chinensis on angiotensin II-induced hypertension via preservation of nitric oxide bioavailability’, Hypertens Res. 2012 Sep;35(9):892-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763484

Lee IS, Jung KY, Oh SR, Park SH, Ahn KS, Lee HK. Structure-activity relationships of lignans from Schisandra chinensis as platelet activating factor antagonists. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Mar;22(3):265-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10220282

Jung KY, Lee IS, Oh SR, Kim DS, Lee HK. Lignans with platelet activating factor antagonist activity from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Phytomedicine. 1997 Sep;4(3):229-31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23195480

Chun JN, Kim SY, Park EJ, et al. Schisandrin B suppresses TGFβ1-induced stress fiber formation by inhibiting myosin light chain phosphorylation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Mar 14;152(2):364-71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486209

Jeong JW, Kim JW, Ku SK, Kim SG, Kim KY, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Chung HY, Kim CM, Choi YH. Essential oils purified from Schisandrae semen inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015 Feb 5;15:7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25651915

Chiu PY, Ko KM. Schisandrin B protects myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury partly by inducing Hsp25 and Hsp70 expression in rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 Nov;266(1-2):139-44. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15646035

Chen N, Ko M. Schisandrin B-induced glutathione antioxidant response and cardioprotection are mediated by reactive oxidant species production in rat hearts. Biol Pharm Bull. 2010;33(5):825-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20460761

Chiu PY, Ko KM. Time-dependent enhancement in mitochondrial glutathione status and ATP generation capacity by schisandrin B treatment decreases the susceptibility of rat hearts to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biofactors. 2003;19(1-2):43-51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757976

Thandavarayan RA, Giridharan VV, Arumugam S, et al. Schisandrin B prevents doxorubicin induced cardiac dysfunction by modulation of DNA damage, oxidative stress and inflammation through inhibition of MAPK/p53 signaling. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 5;10(3):e0119214 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25742619

Chen N, Chiu PY, Leung HY, Ko KM. Cytochrome P-450-catalyzed reactive oxygen species production mediates the (-)schisandrin B-induced glutathione and heat shock responses in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Indian J Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;44(2):204-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22529476

Song MY, Wang JH, Eom T, Kim H. Schisandra chinensis fruit modulates the gut microbiota composition in association with metabolic markers in obese women: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Nutr Res. 2015 Aug;35(8):655-63. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26048342

Jo SH, Ha KS, Moon KS, Lee OH, Jang HD, Kwon YI. In vitro and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effects of Omija (Schizandra chinensis) fruit. Int J Mol Sci. 2011 Feb 23;12(2):1359-70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21541063

Qu Y, Chan JY, Wong CW, Cheng L, Xu C, Leung AW, Lau CB. Antidiabetic Effect of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus Involves Inhibition of the Sodium Glucose Cotransporter. Drug Dev Res. 2015 Feb;76(1):1-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25407144

Jung DY, Kim JH, Lee H, Jung MH. Antidiabetic effect of gomisin N via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017 Dec 16;494(3-4):587-593. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29079190

An L, Wang Y, Wang C, Fan M, Han X, Xu G, Yuan G, Li H, Sheng Y, Wang M, Sun J, Zhan J, Sun H, Li N, Ding F, Du P. Protective effect of Schisandrae chinensis oil on pancreatic β-cells in diabetic rats. Endocrine. 2015 Apr;48(3):818-25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25151401

Kwon DY, Kim DS, Yang HJ, Park S. The lignan-rich fractions of Fructus Schisandrae improve insulin sensitivity via the PPAR-γ pathways in in vitro and in vivo studies. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 May 17;135(2):455-62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21440615

Kim YJ, Yoo SR, Chae CK, Jung UJ, Choi MS. Omija fruit extract improves endurance and energy metabolism by upregulating PGC-1α expression in the skeletal muscle of exercised rats. J Med Food. 2014 Jan;17(1):28-35. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24456352

Jang MK, Yun YR, Kim JH, Park MH, Jung MH. Gomisin N/Schisandrin B inhibits adipogenesis and prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity. Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 9;7:40345. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28067305

Jin D, Zhao T, Feng WW, Mao GH, Zou Y, Wang W, Li Q, Chen Y, Wang XT, Yang LQ, Wu XY. Schisandra polysaccharide increased glucose consumption by up-regulating the expression of GLUT-4. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016 Jun;87:555-62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26993529

Kwan HY, Wu J, Su T, Chao XJ, Yu H, Liu B, Fu X, Tse AKW, Chan CL, Fong WF, Yu ZL. Schisandrin B regulates lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipocytes. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 31;7(1):10266. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28860616

Na M, Hung TM, Oh WK, Min BS, Lee SH, Bae K. Fatty acid synthase inhibitory activity of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis. Phytother Res. 2010 Jun;24 Suppl 2:S225-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20544979

Sun JH, Liu X, Cong LX, et al. Metabolomics study of the therapeutic mechanism of Schisandra Chinensis lignans in diet-induced hyperlipidemia mice. Lipids Health Dis. 2017 Aug 1;16(1):145. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537938/

Zhang M, Liu M, Xiong M, Gong J, Tan X. Schisandra chinensis fruit extract attenuates albuminuria and protects podocyte integrity in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 May 7;141(1):111-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22353431

Stacchiotti A, Li Volti G, Lavazza A, et al. Different role of Schisandrin B on mercury-induced renal damage in vivo and in vitro. Toxicology. 2011 Aug 15;286(1-3):48-57. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21616119

Chiu PY, Leung HY, Ko KM. Schisandrin B Enhances Renal Mitochondrial Antioxidant Status, Functional and Structural Integrity, and Protects against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Apr;31(4):602-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18379049

Lai Q, Luo Z, Wu C, et al. Attenuation of cyclosporine A induced nephrotoxicity by schisandrin B through suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Nov;52:15-23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846887

Bunel V, Antoine MH, Nortier J, Duez P, Stévigny C. Protective effects of schizandrin and schizandrin B towards cisplatin nephrotoxicity in vitro. J Appl Toxicol. 2014 Dec;34(12):1311-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24155209

Li M, Jin J, Li J, et al. Schisandrin B protects against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in HK-2 cells via Nrf2-ARE activation, Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2012 Nov;47(11):1434-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23387073

Hwang IS, Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Choi YH, Kang BC, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Protective effects of gomisin A isolated from Schisandra chinensis against CCl(4)-induced hepatic and renal injury. Int J Mol Med. 2013 Apr;31(4):888-98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23381504

Chen H, Sohn J, Zhang L, Tian J, Chen S, Bjeldanes LF. Anti-inflammatory effects of chicanine on murine macrophage by down-regulating LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines in IκBα/MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Feb 5;724:168-74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24361309

Kang K, Lee KM, Yoo JH, Lee HJ, Kim CY, Nho CW. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, gomisins J and N inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HCT116 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Nov 16;428(2):285-91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085047

Kim HS, Lee JH, Park HS, Lee GS, Kim HW, Ha KT, Kim BJ. Schizandra chinensis extracts induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells via JNK/p38 MAPK activation and the ROS-mediated/mitochondria-dependent pathway. Pharm Biol. 2015 Feb;53(2):212-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243868

Inoue H, Waiwut P, Saiki I, Shimada Y, Sakurai H. Gomisin N enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated up-regulation of death receptors 4 and 5. Int J Oncol. 2012 Apr;40(4):1058-65. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22179661

Kim JH, Choi YW, Park C, Jin CY, Lee YJ, Park DJ, Kim SG, Kim GY, Choi IW, Hwang WD, Jeong YK, Kim SK, Choi YH. Apoptosis induction of human leukemia U937 cells by gomisin N, a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, isolated from Schizandra chinensis Baill. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Mar;48(3):807-13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20034537

Kim JE, Kim SG, Goo JS, Park DJ, Lee YJ, Hwang IS, Lee HR, Choi SI, Lee YJ, Oh CH, Choi YW, Hwang DY. The α-iso-cubebenol compound isolated from Schisandra chinensis induces p53-independent pathway-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep. 2012 Sep;28(3):1103-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22736046

Lv XJ, Zhao LJ, Hao YQ, et al. Schisandrin B inhibits the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by inducing cycle arrest and apoptosis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 May 15;8(5):6926-36. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26221229

Hwang D, Shin SY, Lee Y, Hyun J, Yong Y, Park JC, Lee YH, Lim Y. A compound isolated from Schisandra chinensis induces apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Oct 15;21(20):6054-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903389

Waiwut P, Shin MS, Yokoyama S, Saiki I, Sakurai H. Gomisin A enhances tumor necrosis factor-α-induced G1 cell cycle arrest via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-mediated phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35(11):1997-2003. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23123471

Casarin E, Dall’Acqua S, Smejkal K, Slapetová T, Innocenti G, Carrara M. Molecular mechanisms of antiproliferative effects induced by Schisandra-derived dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (+)-deoxyschisandrin and (-)-gomisin N in human tumour cell lines. Fitoterapia. 2014 Oct;98:241-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110194

Gnabre J, Unlu I, Chang TC, Lisseck P, Bourne B, Scolnik R, Jacobsen NE, Bates R, Huang RC. Isolation of lignans from Schisandra chinensis with anti-proliferative activity in human colorectal carcinoma: Structure-activity relationships. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010 Oct 15;878(28):2693-700. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20810329

Jung S, et al. Anticancer activity of gomisin J from Schisandra chinensis fruit.Oncol Rep. 2018 Nov 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30542721

Min HY, Park EJ, Hong JY, Kang YJ, Kim SJ, Chung HJ, Woo ER, Hung TM, Youn UJ, Kim YS, Kang SS, Bae K, Lee SK. Antiproliferative effects of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis in human cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jan 15;18(2):523-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063366

Jeong M, Kim HM, Kim HJ, Choi JH, Jang DS. Kudsuphilactone B, a nortriterpenoid isolated from Schisandra chinensis fruit, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer A2780 cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2017 Apr;40(4):500-508. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28229391

Liu SJ, Qu HM, Ren YP. SCP, a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis, induces apoptosis in human renal cell carcinoma Caki-1 cells through mitochondrial-dependent pathway via inhibition of ERK activation. Tumour Biol. 2014 Jun;35(6):5369-74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24504681

Qu HM, Liu SJ, Zhang CY. Antitumor and antiangiogenic activity of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide in a renal cell carcinoma model. Int J Biol Macromol. 2014 May;66:52-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24556120

Seo EJ, Kuete V, Kadioglu O, Krusche B, Schröder S, Greten HJ, Arend J, Lee IS, Efferth T. Antiangiogenic activity and pharmacogenomics of medicinal plants from traditional korean medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:131306. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970927

Tang SH, He RR, Huang T, Wang CZ, Cao YF, Zhang Y, Kurihara H. The protective effect of Schisandra lignans on stress-evoked hepatic metastases of P815 tumor cells in restraint mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Mar 8;134(1):141-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21130851

Park JY, Kim KH. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Schisandra chinensis for menopausal symptoms. Climacteric. 2016 Dec;19(6):574-580. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27763802

Greenlee H, Atkinson C, Stanczyk FZ, Lampe JW. A pilot and feasibility study on the effects of naturopathic botanical and dietary interventions on sex steroid hormone metabolism in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Aug;16(8):1601. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17684134

Kim MH, Choi YY, Han JM, Lee HS, Hong SB, Lee SG, Yang WM. Ameliorative effects of Schizandra chinensis on osteoporosis via activation of estrogen receptor (ER)-α/-β. Food Funct. 2014 Jul 25;5(7):1594-601. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24881676

Hong SH, Li M, Jeung EB, Lee GS, Hong EJ, Choi YW, An BS. Therapeutic effects of Schisandra chinensis on the hyperprolactinemia in rat. Int J Oncol. 2017 Apr;50(4):1448-1454. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259983

Lapajev II. Sokolova, S.I. Comparative data about the efficacy of ulcer disease treatment with vicaline and Schizandra seed powder. In: Brekhman, II, Fruentov, N.K. (Eds.). Medicinal Products of the Far East. Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science, Khabarovsk Medical Institute, Khabarovsk, 1970, pp. 130–131.

Lapajev II. The treatment of patients with chronic gastritis using Schizandra chinensis. Voenno Medicinskiy Zhurnal, 1961, 6, 76–77.

Lapajev II. The experience of treating patients with chronic gastritis using the Far East Schizandra. Clinical Medicine, 1958, 34, 109–112.

Amitina RZ, Vodianova II. Schizandra chinensis effect on the stomach secretion. In: Belikov, IF, Brekhman II, Bykov VT, Lazarev NV, Serebryannik BE, Sorokhtin GN (Eds.). Materials for the Study of Ginseng and Schizandra Roots. Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science, Leningrad, 1958, pp. 184–186.

Lapajev II. Changes in gastric secretion and acidity of the gastric juice under the effect of Schizandra juice. Collection of Scientific Papers of the Khabarovsk Military Hospital, 1967a, 5, 172–179.

Lapajev II. The effect of Far East Schizandra preparations on the acidity of the gastric juice. Collection of Scientific Papers of the Khabarovsk Military Hospital, 1967b, 5, 179–181.

Lapajev II, Mosyakova NB. The effect of long-term treatment with Schizandra juice on electrolytic composition of the blood and 17-ketosteroid and uropepsin excretion in patients with stomach hyposecretion. In: Brekhman II, Fruentov NK. (Eds.), Medicinal Products of the Far East. Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science, Khabarovsk Medical Institute, Khabarovsk, 1970, pp. 128-129.

Lapajev II. The treatment of patients with chronic gastritis using Schizandra chinensis. Voenno Medicinskiy Zhurnal, 1961, 6, 76–77.

Lapajev II. About the influence of Schizandra preparations on disorders in the stomach secretory and motor function. Dissertation for a Degree in Medicine. Khabarovsk Medical University, Khabarovsk, 1969, p. 25.

Ahn TS, Kim DG, Hong NR, Park HS, Kim H, Ha KT, Jeon JH, So I, Kim BJ. Effects of Schisandra chinensis extract on gastrointestinal motility in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Jul 1;169:163-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25862968

Hernandez DE, Hancke JL, Wikman G. Evaluation of the anti-ulcer and antisecretory activity of extracts of Aralia elata root and Schizandra chinensis fruit in the rat. J Ethnopharmacol. 1988 May-Jun;23(1):109-14. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378874188901201

Ivanov VA. Melnikov VV, Shvedchikov IS. Schizandra chinensis effect on gastric secretion in dogs. Transactions of the Student Scientific Society of the Khabarovsk Medical Institute, 1958, 2, 50–56.

Lapajev II. Changes in gastric secretion and acidity of the gastric juice under the effect of Schizandra juice. Collection of Scientific Papers of the Khabarovsk Military Hospital, 1967a, 5, 172–179.

Li Y, Xu C, Zhang Q, Liu JY, Tan RX. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori action of 30 Chinese herbal medicines used to treat ulcer diseases. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Apr 26;98(3):329-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15814268

Trusov MS. The effect of Far East Schizandra chinensis on some visual functions. Voyenno-Medotsinskij Zhurnal, 1953, 10, 57–62.

Trusov MS. The effect of vitamin A, eserine and Schizandra chinensis on light sensitivity of the visual organ. Dissertation for a Degree inMedicine. Khabarovsk Medical University, 1958a, pp. 24–29.

Golovin AN, Golovina LA. Clinical observations of the effect of Schizandra electrophoresis on the visual function of the eye. In: Brekhman II, Belikov IF, Kuznetsova GE (Eds.). Materials for the Study of Ginseng and Other Medicinal Plants of the Far East. Far East Branch of the USSR Academy of Science, Primorsk Book Publisher, Vladivostok, 1963, pp. 281–285.

Sosnova TL, Golubyev VV, Plekhanova NA, Afanasyev AN. On using the tonic influence of Eleutherococcus and Schizandra chinensis as a prophylactic for optic fatigue in occupations involving prolonged colour discrimination. Gigiena i Sanitariya, 1984, 12, 7–9.

Sinovich VA, Akhmetova ZV. The effect of Schizandra on the functions of vision in normal and pathological status. In: Belikov I.F, Brekhman I.I, Bykov V.T, Lazarev N.V, Serebryannik B.E, Sorokhtin G.N. (Eds.), Materials for the Study of Ginseng and Schizandra Roots. Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science, Leningrad, 1958, pp. 177–180.

Minejeva KD, Svindyukova ZP. The treatment of myopia in children using Schizandra chinensis. In: Materials of 3rd Joint Scientific Conference on Treatment-Prophylactic Institutions. Ministry of Health of USSR, Moscow, 1968, pp. 167–170.

Walter VG. Preliminary data on the treatment of slowly granulating wounds and trophic ulcers using Schizandra chinensis. Transactions of the Khabarovsk Medical Institute, 1955, 14, 124–128.

Walter VG. Schizandra chinensis in a complex therapy of non-healing wounds and trophic ulcers. Dissertation for a Degree in Medicine. Khabarovsk Medical University, Khabarovsk, 1956, p. 16.

Guo M, Lu Y, Yang J, Zhao X, Lu Y. Inhibitory effects of Schisandra chinensis extract on acne-related inflammation and UVB-induced photoageing. Pharm Biol. 2016 Dec;54(12):2987-2994. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27328727

Guo M, An F, Yu H, Wei X, Hong M, Lu Y. Comparative effects of schisandrin A, B, and C on Propionibacterium acnes-induced, NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Dec;96:129-136. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972885

Xu L, Grandi N, Del Vecchio C, Mandas D, Corona A, Piano D, Esposito F, Parolin C, Tramontano E. From the traditional Chinese medicine plant Schisandra chinensis new scaffolds effective on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase resistant to non-nucleoside inhibitors. J Microbiol. 2015 Apr; 53(4):288-93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25740376

Xue Y, Li X, Du X, Li X, Wang W, Yang J, Chen J, Pu J, Sun H. Isolation and anti-hepatitis B virus activity of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis. Phytochemistry. 2015 Aug;116:253-261. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25882501

Chen X, Zhang Y, Zu Y, et al. Composition and biological activities of the essential oil from Schisandra chinensis obtained by solvent-free microwave extraction. LWT-Food Sci Technol. 2011;44:2047–2052. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241073829

Hakala E, Hanski L, Uvell H, Yrjönen T, Vuorela H, Elofsson M, Vuorela PM. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra spp. selectively inhibit the growth of the intracellular bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2015 Oct; 68(10):609-14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25944533

Yang F, Ding S, Liu W, Liu J, Zhang W, Zhao Q, Ma X. Antifungal activity of 40 TCMs used individually and in combination for treatment of superficial fungal infections. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Apr 2;163:88-93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625353

Li J, Chen S, Qin X, et al. Wuzhi Tablet (Schisandra sphenanthera Extract) is a Promising Tacrolimus-Sparing Agent for Renal Transplant Recipients Who are CYP3A5 Expressers: a Two-Phase Prospective Study. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Nov;45(11):1114-1119. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28864749/

Xin HW, Wu XC, et al. Effects of Schisandra sphenanthera extract on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct;64(4):469-75. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17506780/

Jin J, Bi H, Hu J, et al. Enhancement of oral bioavailability of paclitaxel after oral administration of Schisandrol B in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 May;31(4):264-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20437465/

Liang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, et al. In vitro to in vivo evidence of the inhibitor characteristics of Schisandra lignans toward P-glycoprotein. Phytomedicine. 2013 Aug 15;20(11):1030-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23731657/

Sun M, Xu XL, Lu QH, Pan QR, Hu X. Schisandrin B: a dual inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. Cancer Lett. 2007;246(1–2):300–307. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16084496/

Jin XD, Xu QL, Zheng XZ. Reversal Effect of γ-Schisandrin Compound on Multidrug Resistance of Human Carcinoma of Colon Cell THC-8307. Med. Recapitul. 2011;10:3–5. https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-YXZS201110040.htm

Huang M, Jin J, Sun H, Liu GT. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of cancer cells by five schizandrins isolated from the Chinese herb Fructus Schizandrae. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;62(6):1015-26. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18270702/

You JS, Pan TL, Hou YC. Schisandra chinensis protects against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Chang Gung Med J. 2006 Jan-Feb;29(1):63-70. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16642728/

Wang S, Wang A, Shao M, et al. Schisandrin B reverses doxorubicin resistance through inhibiting P-glycoprotein and promoting proteasome-mediated degradation of survivin. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 21;7(1):8419. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28827665/

Slanina J, Páchniková G, Carnecká M, et al. Identification of key structural characteristics of Schisandra chinensis lignans involved in P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Nat Prod. 2014 Oct 24;77(10):2255-63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25302569/

Choi EH, Lee N, Kim HJ, et al. Schisandra fructus extract ameliorates doxorubicin-induce cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes: altered gene expression for detoxification enzymes. Genes Nutr. 2008 Feb;2(4):337-45.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18850228/

Fu R, Wang XN, Guo CH, et al. Wuzhi capsule increased systemic exposure to methotrexate by inhibiting the expression of OAT1/3 and P-gp. Ann Transl Med. 2021 May;9(10):845.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34164479/

He Q, Bu F, Wang Q, et al. Examination of the Impact of CYP3A4/5 on Drug-Drug Interaction between Schizandrol A/Schizandrol B and Tacrolimus (FK-506): A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 19;23(9):4485. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35562875/

Mills S, Bone K. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. Churchill Livingstone, 2005. https://www.elsevier.com/books/the-essential-guide-to-herbal-safety/mills/978-0-443-07171-3.

Liu KT. Studies on fructus Schisandrae chinensis. Annex 12: Studies on fructus Schisandrae chinensis. Plenary lecture, World Health Organization Seminar on the Use of Medicinal Plants in Health Care, Sept 1977, Tokyo, Japan. In: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific Final Report, Manila, 1977, 101-12.

3/ Chang HM, But PP, Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia Medica, vol 1, Singapore, 1986, World Scientific, pp. 185-194. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789814503143_0027

4/ Bensky D, Gamble A, Kaptchuk T, eds. Chinese herbal medicine: materia medica, rev. ed. Seattle, WA, Eastland Press, 1993. https://www.eastlandpress.com/products/eastland-herb

Gardner ZE, McGuffin M, American Herbal Products Association. American herbal products association’s botanical safety handbook, 2nd ed. Boca Raton: American Herbal Products Association, CRC Press; 2013. http://abc.herbalgram.org/site/DocServer/AHPABotanicalSafety_FMexcerpt.pdf?docID=4601

Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 4th ed. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010. https://www.eclecticherb.com/herb-contraindications-drug-interactions/

Peter Holmes. The Energetics of Western Herbs, Vol. 1, 4th Ed. Snow Lotus Press, 2007. https://www.bookdepository.com/The-Energetics-of-Western-Herbs-Peter-Holmes

Lapajev II. Schizandra and its curative properties, 3rd amended and supplemented ed. Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk Book Press, 1978.

Brekhman H, Dardymov IV. New substances of plant origin which increase nonspecific resistance. Annual Reviews of Pharmacy, 1969, 163:419-30. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.pa.09.040169.002223

Lupandin AY, Lapaev II. [Stimulative and tonic action of Schizandra.] Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk Book Press, 1981 [in Russian].

Burgos RA, Hancke JL. Toxicological studies on S. chinensis, Instituto de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medinia Veterinaria, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 1992, cited in Hancke JL, Burgos RA, Ahumada F. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Fitoterapia 70:451-471, 1999. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0367326X99001021

Lai L, Hao H, Wang Q, et al. Effects of short-term and long-term pretreatment of Schisandra lignans on regulating hepatic and intestinal CYP3A in rats. Drug Metab. Dispos. 37(12):2399-2407, 2009. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/99a7/ad0c5842438cb8110291aad256fea040de27.pdf

Makino T, Mizuno F, Mizukami H. Does a kampo medicine containing schisandra fruit affect pharmacokinetics of nifedipine like grapefruit juice? Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Oct;29(10):2065-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015952

Iwata H, Tezuka Y, Kadota S, et al. Identification and characterization of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors in Schisandra fruit extract. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Dec;32(12):1351-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342469

Mu Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Mar;316(3):1369-77. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16267138

Li WL, Xin HW, Su MW, Xiong L. Inhibitory effects of schisandrin A and schisandrin B on CYP3A activity. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Apr;32(3):163-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448858

Wan CK, Tse AK, Yu ZL, et al. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 activity by schisandrol A and gomisin A isolated from Fructus Schisandrae chinensis. Phytomedicine. 2010 Jul;17(8-9):702-5. Epub 2010 Jan 25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20089387

Su T, Mao C, Yin F, Yu Z, Lin Y, Song Y, Lu T. Effects of unprocessed versus vinegar-processed Schisandra chinensis on the activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 enzymes in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Apr 19;146(3):734-43. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376044

Zhao J, Sun T, Wu JJ, et al. Inhibition of human CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 enzymes by gomisin C and gomisin G, two lignan analogs derived from Schisandra chinensis. Fitoterapia. 2017 Jun;119:26-31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28344076

Wang B, Yang S, Hu J, Li Y. Multifaceted interaction of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Schisandra chinensis with cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism in rats. J Ethnopharmacol, 2014a, 155:1473–1482. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25091466

Yoo HH, Lee M, Lee MW, et al. Effects of Schisandra lignans on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux in human intestinal Caco-2. Planta Med, 2007, 73:444–450. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17566147

Liu C, Cao YF, Fang ZZ, et al. Strong inhibition of deoxyschizandrin and schisantherin A toward UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A3 indicating UGT inhibition-based herb–drug interaction. Fitoterapia, 2012b, 83:1415–1419. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23339253

Fan L, Mao X-Q, Tao G-Y, et al. Effect of Schisandra chinensis extract and Ginkgo biloba extract on the pharmacokinetics of talinolol in healthy volunteers. Xenobiot. 39(3):249-254, 2009. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19280523

Pan Q, Lu Q, Zhang K, Hu X. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lingnans: A class of novel inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2006, 58:99–106. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16231181

Wan CK, Zhu GY, Shen XL, et al. Gomisin A alters substrate interaction and reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in HepG2-DR cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2006, 72:824–837. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16889754

Song JH, Cui L, An LB, et al. Inhibition of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) Activity by constituents of Schisandra chinensis. Phytother Res. 2015 Oct;29(10):1658-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26084208

Liang Y, Zhou YY, Liu YN, et al. Study on the plasma protein binding rate of Schisandra lignans based on the LC-IT-TOF/MS technique with relative quantitative analysis. Chin J Nat Med. 2013 Jul;11(4):442-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845557

Chen Y, Ferguson SS, Negishi M, Goldstein JA. Induction of human CYP2C9 by rifampicin, hyperforin, and phenobarbital is mediated by the pregnane X receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):495-501. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14600250

Goldstein JA, de Morais SM. Biochemistry and molecular biology of the human CYP2C subfamily. Pharmacogenetics. 1994 Dec;4(6):285-99. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

Wat E, Ng CF, Wong EC, et al. The hepatoprotective effect of the combination use of Fructus Schisandrae with statin–A preclinical evaluation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Feb 3;178:104-14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26666731

Wat E, Ng CF, Liu CL, et al. Effect of combined use of Fructus Schisandrae and statin on high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Hong Kong Med J. 2016 Dec;22 Suppl 6(6):24-27. https://www.hkmj.org/system/files/hkm1606sp6p24.pdf

Zhai J, Zhang F, Gao S, et al. Schisandra chinensis extract decreases chloroacetaldehyde production in rats and attenuates cyclophosphamide toxicity in liver, kidney and brain. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018 Jan 10;210:223-231. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28821392

Zhu S, Wang Y, Chen M, et al. Protective effect of schisandrin B against cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Am J Chin Med. 2012;40(3):551-66. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745070

Lai Q, Wei J, Mahmoodurrahman M, et al. Pharmacokinetic and nephroprotective benefits of using Schisandra chinensis extracts in a cyclosporine A-based immune-suppressive regime. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Aug 28;9:4997-5018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26355803/

Hancke JL, Wikman G, Hernandez. Antidepressant activity of selected natural products. Planta Med. 52:542- 543, 1986. https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-2007-969343

Huang F, Xiong Y, Xu L, et al. Sedative and hypnotic activities of the ethanol fraction from fructus Schisandrae in mice and rats. J. Ethnopharm. 110:471-475, 2007. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17127021

Bao TT, Liu GT, Song ZY, et al. A comparison of the pharmacologic actions of 7 constituents isolated from fructus schizandrae. Chin. Med. J. 93(1):41-47, 1980. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768500

WHO. Fructus Schisandrae. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants. 3 vol. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007:296-313. http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/index/assoc/s14213e/s14213e.pdf

Yamada S, Murawaki Y, Kawasaki H. Preventive effect of gomisin A, a lignan component of shizandra fruits, on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Biochem. Pharmacol. 46(6):1081-1085, 1993. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8216352

Wang W, Tian DD, Zhang ZJ. In Vitro Effects of Concomitant Use of Herbal Preparations on Cytochrome P450s Involved in Clozapine Metabolism. Molecules. 2016 May 6;21(5). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27164071/

Zhu H, Zhang L, Wang G, et al. Sedative and hypnotic effects of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction from Schisandra chinensis in mice. J Food Drug Anal. 2016 Oct;24(4):831-838. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28911622

Zhang C, Zhao X, Mao X, et al. Pharmacological evaluation of sedative and hypnotic effects of schizandrin through the modification of pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014 Dec 5;744:157-63. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446916

Upton R, Petrone C, eds. Schisandra berry. Schisandra chinensis, analytical, quality control, and therapeutic monograph. In: American herbal pharmacopeia and therapeutic compendium. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Santa Cruz, CA, 1999. https://herbal-ahp.org/online-ordering-schisandra-fruit/

Trifonova AT. [Stimulation of labor activity using Schizandra chinensis.] Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1954, 4:19–22 [in Russian]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13217935

Gaistruk AN, Taranovskij KL. The treatment of arterial hypotension in pregnant women using Schizandra chinensis. In: Urgent Problems of Obstetics and Gynecology. Ministry of Health of Ukrainian SSR, L’vov, 1968, pp. 183–186.

Bone K. Clinical Applications of Ayurvedic and Chinese Herbs. Phytotherapy Press, Warwick, Queensland, Austral. 1996. http://www.aeonbooks.co.uk/product/

Panossian AG, Oganessian AS, Ambartsumian M, Gabrielian ES, Wagner H, Wikman G. Effects of heavy physical exercise and adaptogens on nitric oxide content in human saliva. Phytomedicine. 1999 Mar;6(1):17-26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10228607

Koncic MZ, Tomczyk M. New insights into dietary supplements used in sport: active substances, pharmacological and side effects. Curr Drug Targets. 2013 Aug;14(9):1079-92. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23574283

Panossian A, Wikman G. Pharmacology of Schisandra chinensis Bail. an overview of Russian research and uses in medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Jul 23;118(2):183-212. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18515024, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5336030

Szopa A, Ekiert R, Ekiert H. Current knowledge of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Chinese magnolia vine) as a medicinal plant species: a review on the bioactive components, pharmacological properties, analytical and biotechnological studies.Current knowledge of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Chinese magnolia vine) as a medicinal plant species: a review on the bioactive components, pharmacological properties, analytical and biotechnological studies. Phytochem Rev. 2017;16(2):195-218. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28424569

Andrejev I, Georgijev V. Ergographic study of Schizandra chinensis stimulating effect. In: Petkov VV (Ed.), The study of Gin Seng and Schizandra chinensis in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Academy of Science. 1958. Sophia, pp. 78–82.

Yefimova VA, Kokhanova A.I, Majburd E.D. On the problem of Schizandra chinensis effect on the cerebral cortex activity. Transactions of the Khabarovsk Medical Institute. 1954. 13, 52–57.

Kokhanova AN, Peresypkina NV, Balagurovskaya EN, Kotel’nikova KM, Grigorieva IT. The effect of Schizandra on muscular fatigue in man. In: Nechaev S.K (Ed.), 1950. Proceedings of the Fourth Student Scientific Session of the Khabarovsk Medical Institute. Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Khabarovsk Medical Institute, Khabarovsk, pp. 85-89.

Astanin YuP, Mikhelson MYa, Egolinskij YaA, The study of phenamine and some other stimulants effect on sport running. Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (1943) 6, 60-65.

Lebedev AA. Schizandrin—a new stimulant from Schizandra chinensis fruits. Dissertation for a Degree in Medicine, 1967. Tashkent University, Tashkent, p. 16. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/showciting;jsessionid=58BD59C3BFD606C04CE14C099F0DBC9E?cid=38456482

Lebedev AA. Schizandra. Meditsina Publishing House of UzSSR, Tashkent, 1971a, p. 113.

Korolevich VS, Lupandin AV. Experience in using Schizandra chinensis seed preparation on the training of gymnasts. In: Proceedings of the Scientific Conference of the Chair of Biological Disciplines of the P.F. Lesgaft Military Physical Culture Institute, The Effect of Physical Exercises and Some Other Physical Factors on the Organism Resistance. Ministry of Health of USSR, 1967, Leningrad, pp. 166–170.

Karo VI. The ergographic study of Schizandra stimulating effect. Scientific Papers of 3rd Year Students of the Naval Medical School 3, 30–33, 1945.

Lazarev NV. Experimental data for the evaluation of the Far East Schizandra as a stimulant. Transactions of the Scientific Medical Board at the Administration of Medical-Sanitary Department of the USSR Navy, 1946, 5, 62–69.

Lupandin AV. The use of adaptogens in sports. Modern problems of sport medicine. In: Proceedings of the 24th All-Union Conference on Sport Medicine. Ministry of Health of USSR, Moscow, 1990a, pp. 56–61.

Levchenko KP. Experience in using Schisandra seed powder during training of basketball players. In: Abstract Book: Biologically Active Substances of Flora and Fauna of the Far East and Pacific Ocean. USSR Academy of Science, Vladivostok, 1971, p. 118.

Eglit N Ya, Zhukova VV, Kuznetsova V.F, Kravchenko AN. About the stimulating effect of Schizandra chinensis and its use under physical loads. In: Materials of Scientific Meetings of Khar’kov Scientific Medical Society (1961–1962). Ministry of Health of Ukrainian SSR, 1965, Kiev, pp. 829–830.

Lapajev II. The effect or phytoadaptogens on working capacity in sport divers. In: Modern Problems of Military Medicine. Tomsk Medical Institute, Tomsk, 1982, pp. 170–172.

Murtazin I.M. Schizandra chinensis as a stimulant under long physical loads. Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya, 1946, 9, 12–13.

Lupandin A.V. Adaptation to natural and technogenic extreme factors in trained and untrained adaptogen treated individuals. Fiziologia Cheloveka, 1990b, 16, 114–119.

Berdyshev V.V. Some aspects of single doses of adaptogens (Eleutherococcus and Schizandra). In: Valeology: Diagnosis, Means and Practice in Health Care, International Collection of Scientific Papers. Far East Branch of the Academy of Science of the Russian Federation, Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 1995, pp. 105– 117.

Rossijskij DM. New tonics and stimulants produced from local medicinal herbs. Clinicheskaya Medicina, 1952a, 30, 66–69.

Rossijskij DM. Schizandra chinensis and the use of its preparations in practical medicine. Vrachebnoje Delo, 1952b, 10, 939–940.

Grigorenko G.F, Berdishev VV. The use of tonic drinks and drugs increasing working capacity of sailors during night shifts. In: Abstract Book of the Scientific Practical Conference on Medical Social Aspects of the Man-Ocean Problem: 29–30 September 1988.Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Vladivostok State Medical Institute, Vladivostok, 1988, pp. 29-30.

Panossian A, Wikman G. Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;4(3):198-219. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500070

Panossian A, Wagner H. Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration. Phytother Res. 2005 Oct;19(10):819-38. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16261511

Asea A, Kaur P, Panossian A, Wikman KG. Evaluation of molecular chaperons Hsp72 and neuropeptide Y as characteristic markers of adaptogenic activity of plant extracts. Phytomedicine. 2013 Nov 15;20(14):1323-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23920279

Panossian A, Wikman G, Kaur P, Asea A. Adaptogens exert a stress-protective effect by modulation of expression of molecular chaperones. Phytomedicine. 2009 Jun;16(6-7):617-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188053

Takeda S, Arai I, Hasegawa M, Tatsugi A, Aburada M, Hosoya E. Effect of gomisin A (TJN-101), a lignan compound isolated from Schisandra fruits, on liver function in rats, Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1988 Apr;91(4):237-44. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3391447

Ko KM, Chen N, Leung HY, et al. Long-term schisandrin B treatment mitigates age-related impairments in mitochondrial antioxidant status and functional ability in various tissues, and improves the survival of aging C57BL/6J mice. Biofactors. 2008;34(4):331-42. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19850987

Aslanyan G, Amroyan E, Gabrielyan E, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study of single dose effects of ADAPT-232 on cognitive functions. Phytomedicine 2010;17:494-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20374974

Panossian AG. Adaptogens in mental and behavioral disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2013 Mar;36(1):49-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23538076

Gubchenko PP, Fruentov NK. A comparative study of effectiveness of Eleutherococcus and other plant adaptogens as agents for enhancing the working capacity of the flying personnel. In: Brekhman II, Dardimov IV, Li SE. Dobryakova AI (Eds.), New Data on Eleutherococcus: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Eleutherococcus. Far East Centre of Academy of Science of the USSR, Vladivostok, 1986, pp. 171–178.

Lebedev AA. Comparative evaluation of the stimulating effect of various Schizandra products. In: Lazarev NV (Ed.), Materials for the Study of Stimulants and Tonics from Ginseng and Schizandra Roots. Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science, Vladivostok, 1951a, pp. 103–108.

Lebedev AA. Some materials on the pharmacology of schizandrin. In: Lazarev NV, (Ed.), Materials for the Study of Stimulants and Tonics from Ginseng and Schizandra Roots. Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science, Vladivostok, 1951b, pp. 109–117.

Lebedev AA. On the pharmacology of Schisandra. In: Lazarev NV (Ed.), Materials for the Study of Ginseng and Schizandra. Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Science, Moscow, 1955, pp. 178–188.

Kochmareva LI. The effect of Schizandra chinensis and Ginseng on processes of concentration. In: Belikov IF, Brekhman II, Bykov VT, Lazarev NV, Serebryannik BE. Sorokhtin GN (Eds.), Materials for the Study of Ginseng and Schizandra. Far East Branch of USSR Academy of science, Leningrad, 1958, pp. 12-17.

Farutina MV. Clinical investigation of tonic effects of pantocrine, and Ginseng and Schizandra tinctures. In: Lazarev NV (Ed.), Materials for the Study of Stimulants and Tonics from Ginseng Roots and Schizandra. Far East Branch of USSR Academy of Sci.

Leman MF. Treatment of reactive and asthenic states of exogenous etiology using the Far East Schizandra. Journal of Neuropathology and Psychiatry, 1952, 52, 67–70.

Zakharova PM. Experience of using Schizandra chinensis in psychiatric practise. In: Krasnushkin EK (Ed.), Problems of Social and Clinical Psychiatry, vol. 9. Moscow District Neuropsychiatric Clinic, Moscow, 1948, pp. 271– 278.

Romas RS. Effect of Schizandra chinensis on reactivity of patients to some drugs. Voprosy Psykhonevrologii, 1962, 30, 435–440.

Romas RS. The effect of Schizandra chinensis on patients with different forms of mental diseases. Voprosy Klinicheskoy I Nevrapatologicheskoy Psykhiatrii, 1958, 29, 211–216.

Romas RS. Specific features of Schizandra chinensis effect on schizophrenia patients. In: Materials of the Science Conference of the Ternopol Medical Institute. Ternopol Medical Institute, Ternopol, January 26–28, 1960, pp. 50–51.

Romas RS. About the effect of Schizandra chinensis on higher brain structures of schizophrenia patients and chronic alcoholics. Dissertation for a Degree in Medicine. Pirogov Vinnitsa Medical Institute, Vinnitsa, 1967, p. 18.

Lastovetskij VV, Romas RS. Special features in the interaction of signal systems under the influence of Schizandra chinensis. Zhurnal Vysshey Nervnoy Deytelnosti, 1963, 13, 604–609.

Ni X, Shergis JL, Guo X, Zhang AL, Li Y, Lu C, Xue CC. Updated clinical evidence of Chinese herbal medicine for insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med. 2015 Dec;16(12):1462-81. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26611943

Zhang M, Xu L, Yang H. Schisandra chinensis Fructus and Its Active Ingredients as Promising Resources for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 6;19(7). pii: E1970. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29986408

Kim SR, Lee MK, Koo KA, Kim SH, Sung SH, Lee NG, Markelonis GJ, Oh TH, Yang JH, Kim YC. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra chinensis protect primary cultures of rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced toxicity. J Neurosci Res. 2004 May 1;76(3):397-405. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15079869

Sowndhararajan K, Deepa P, Kim M, Park SJ, Kim S. An overview of neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement properties of lignans from Schisandra chinensis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Nov 7;97:958-968. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29136774

Yan T, Shang L, Wang M, Zhang C, Zhao X, Bi K, Jia Y. Lignans from Schisandra chinensis ameliorate cognition deficits and attenuate brain oxidative damage induced by D-galactose in rats. Metab Brain Dis. 2016 Jun;31(3):653-61. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847610

Song F, Zeng K, Liao L, Yu Q, Tu P, Wang X. Schizandrin A Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroninflammation through Inhibiting TRAF6-NF-κB and Jak2-Stat3 Signaling Pathways. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 26;11(2):e0149991. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4768966/

Wang CP, Li GC, Shi YW, Zhang XC, Li JL, Wang ZW, Ding F, Liang XM. Neuroprotective effect of schizandrin A on oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell injury in primary culture of rat cortical neurons. J Physiol Biochem. 2014 Sep;70(3):735-47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24986222

Wang B, Wang XM. Schisandrin B protects rat cortical neurons against Abeta1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Pharmazie. 2009 Jul;64(7):450-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19694182

Zeng KW, Zhang T, Fu H, Liu GX, Wang XM. Schisandrin B exerts anti-neuroinflammatory activity by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4-dependent MyD88/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Oct 5;692(1-3):29-37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22698579

Lam PY, Ko KM. Schisandrin B as a hormetic agent for preventing age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:250825. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22666518

Giridharan VV, Thandavarayan RA, Bhilwade HN, et al. Schisandrin B, attenuates cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity through modulating NF-κB pathway in mice. Free Radic Res. 2012 Jan;46(1):50-60. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22059853

Liu N, Zheng JX, Zhuang YS, et al. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Schisandrin B on LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia via Activating PPAR-γ. Inflammation. 2017 Jun;40(3):1006-1011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28303415

Park SY, Park SJ, Park TG, Rajasekar S, Lee SJ, Choi YW. Schizandrin C exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects by upregulating phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in microglia. Int Immunopharmacol. 2013 Oct;17(2):415-26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23859871

Song SH, Choi SM, Kim JE, Sung JE, Lee HA, Choi YH, Bae CJ, Choi YW, Hwang DY. α-Isocubebenol alleviates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment by repressing acetylcholinesterase activity. Neurosci Lett. 2017 Jan 18;638:121-128. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27939357

Park SY, Son BG, Park YH, Kim CM, Park G, Choi YW. The neuroprotective effects of α-iso-cubebene on dopaminergic cell death: involvement of CREB/Nrf2 signaling. Neurochem Res. 2014 Sep;39(9):1759-66. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24980143

Jeong EJ, Lee HK, Lee KY, Jeon BJ, Kim DH, Park JH, Song JH, Huh J, Lee JH, Sung SH. The effects of lignan-riched extract of Shisandra chinensis on amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in the cortex and hippocampus of mouse. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Mar 7; 146(1):347-54. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23333311

Zhao X, Liu C, Xu M, Li X, Bi K, Jia Y. Total Lignans of Schisandra chinensis Ameliorates Aβ1-42-Induced Neurodegeneration with Cognitive Impairment in Mice and Primary Mouse Neuronal Cells. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 1;11(4):e0152772. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27035824

Hu D, Li C, Han N, Miao L, Wang D, Liu Z, Wang H, Yin J. Deoxyschizandrin isolated from the fruits of Schisandrachinensis ameliorates Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced memory impairment in mice. Planta Med. 2012 Aug;78(12):1332-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22773410

Hu D, Cao Y, He R, Han N, Liu Z, Miao L, Yin J. Schizandrin, an antioxidant lignan from Schisandra chinensis, ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment in mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:721721. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399599/

Li X, Zhao X, Xu X, Mao X, Liu Z, Li H, Guo L, Bi K, Jia Y. Schisantherin A recovers Aβ-induced neurodegeneration with cognitive decline in mice. Physiol Behav. 2014 Jun 10;132:10-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24813830

Egashira N, Kurauchi K, Iwasaki K, Mishima K, Orito K, Oishi R, Fujiwara M. Schizandrin reverses memory impairment in rats. Phytother Res. 2008 Jan;22(1):49-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17705144

Xu X, Zhou X, Zhou XW, Zhang Z, Liao MJ, Gao Q, Luo HM. Schizandrin prevents dexamethasone-induced cognitive deficits. Neurosci Bull. 2012 Oct;28(5):532-40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22961473

Wei BB, Liu MY et al. Schisandrin ameliorates cognitive impairment and attenuates Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 transgenic mice: involvement of adjusting neurotransmitters and their metabolite changes in the brain. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018 Apr;39(4):616-625. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29323336

Giridharan VV, Thandavarayan RA, Sato S, et al. Prevention of scopolamine-induced memory deficits by schisandrin B, an antioxidant lignan from Schisandra chinensis in mice. Free Radic Res. 2011 Aug;45(8):950-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615274

Xu M, Dong Y, Wan S, Yan T, Cao J, Wu L, Bi K, Jia Y. Schisantherin B ameliorates Aβ1-42-induced cognitive decline via restoration of GLT-1 in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Physiol Behav. 2016 Dec 1;167:265-273. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27660034

Hsieh MT, Wu CR, Wang WH, Lin LW. The ameliorating effect of the water layer of Fructus Schisandrae on cycloheximide-induced amnesia in rats: interaction with drugs acting at neurotransmitter receptors. Pharmacol Res. 2001 Jan;43(1):17-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11207061

Sa F, Zhang LQ, Chong CM, Guo BJ, Li S, Zhang ZJ, Zheng Y, Hoi PM, Lee SM. Discovery of novel anti-parkinsonian effect of schisantherin A in in vitro and in vivo. Neurosci Lett. 2015 Apr 23;593:7-12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25770828

Zhang LQ, Sa F, Chong CM, Wang Y, Zhou ZY, Chang RC, Chan SW, Hoi PM, Yuen Lee SM. Schisantherin A protects against 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuron damage in zebrafish and cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells through the ROS/NO and AKT/GSK3β pathways. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Jul 21; 170:8-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25934514

Yan T, He B, Wan S, Xu M, Yang H, Xiao F, Bi K, Jia Y. Antidepressant-like effects and cognitive enhancement of Schisandra chinensis in chronic unpredictable mild stress mice and its related mechanism. Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 31;7(1):6903. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28761074

Yan T, Xu M, Wan S, Wang M, Wu B, Xiao F, Bi K, Jia Y. Schisandra chinensis produces the antidepressant-like effects in repeated corticosterone-induced mice via the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway. Psychiatry Res. 2016 Sep 30;243:135-42. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27387555

Yan T, Xu M, Wu B, Liao Z, Liu Z, Zhao X, Bi K, Jia Y. The effect of Schisandra chinensis extracts on depression by noradrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems in the forced swim test in mice. Food Funct. 2016 Jun 15;7(6):2811-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225351

Araki R, Hiraki Y, Nishida S, Inatomi Y, Yabe T. Gomisin N ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behaviors by attenuating inflammation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala in mice. J Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Oct; 132(2):138-144. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27733273

Yeh, C.H. Lin, M.W. Lin, H.C. Anti-neuroinflammation and antidepressant effects of schisandrin B in mice, FASEB j.27 (suppl)(2013) 1099.5. https://www.fasebj.org/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1099.5

Chen WW, He RR, Li YF, Li SB, Tsoi B, Kurihara H. Pharmacological studies on the anxiolytic effect of standardized Schisandra lignans extract on restraint-stressed mice.Phytomedicine. 2011 Oct 15;18(13):1144-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21757327

Xia N, Li J, Wang H, Wang J, Wang Y. Schisandra chinensis and Rhodiola rosea exert an anti-stress effect on the HPA axis and reduce hypothalamic c-Fos expression in rats subjected to repeated stress. Exp Ther Med. 2016 Jan;11(1):353-359. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4727095/

Wu Y, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Yang X, Jang EY, Schilaty ND, Hedges DM, Kim SC, Cho IJ, Zhao R. Effects of the aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis fruit on ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats. Chin Med J (Engl). 2014;127(10):1935-40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24824259

Yin LP, Li ZX, Zhang CX. Study on the effect of schisandra wine on sleep improvement of mice. Sci Technol Food Industry. 2013;34(14):346–9. http://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/39091005/wu_wei_zi_jiu_gai_shan_xiao_shu_shui_mian_zuo_yong_de_yan_jiu_.htm

Wei B, Li Q, Fan R, Su D, Chen X, Jia Y, Bi K. Determination of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters and their metabolites in rat brain samples by UFLC-MS/MS for the study of the sedative-hypnotic effects observed during treatment with S. chinensis. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014 Jan;88:416-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24176746

Narimanian M, Badalyan M, Panosyan V, Gabrielyan E, Panossian A, Wikman G and Wagner H. Impact of Chisan (ADAPT-232) on the quality-of-life and its efficacy as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute non-specific pneumonia. Phytomedicine 2005;12(10):723-729. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16323290

Amaryan G, Astvatsatryan V, Gabrielyan E, Panossian A, Panosyan V, Wikman G. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, pilot clinical trial of ImmunoGuard–a standardized fixed combination of Andrographis paniculata Nees, with Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim, Schizandra chinensis Bail. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extracts in pa, Phytomedicine. 2003 May;10(4):271-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12809357

Lebedev AA. The effect of Schizandra seed tincture on morbidity rate among school children during the 1969 influenza epidemic. In: Brekhman II, Fruentov NK (Eds.). Medicinal Products of the Far East. Far East Branch of the USSR Academy of Science, Khabarovsk Medical Institute, Khabarovsk, 1970a, pp. 107–114.

Lebedev AA. The effect of Schisandra seed tincture on morbidity rate among workers of Chirick shoe factory during the 1969 influenza epidemic. In: Brekhman II, Fruentov NK (Eds.). Medicinal Products of the Far East. Far East Branch of the USSR Academy of Science, Khabarovsk Medical Institute, Khabarovsk, 1970b, pp. 115–119.

Lebedev AA. Schizandra seed tincture and dibazole as means of non-specific profylaxis of acute respiratory infections during the peak of influenza at the beginning of 1969. Medicinskiy Zhurnal Uzbekistana 1971b, 6, 70–72.

Shadrin AS, Kustikova YuG, Belogolovkina NA, Baranov NI, Oleinikova EV, Sigaeva VP, Ivlev AM, Romanov VL, Imkhanitskaya LI, Skripak SG, Ryazanova LA. Estimation of prophylactic and immunostimulating effects of Eleutherococcus and Schisandra chinensis preparations. In: Brekhman II, Dardiov IV, Li SE, Dobryakova AI (Eds.). New Data on Eleutherococcus: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Eleutherococcus (Moscow 1984). DVNC of USSR Academy of Science, Vladivostok, 1986, pp. 213-215.

Zuzanova VI, Bakhtina ZD. Dysentery treatment in children using Schizandra chinensis. Pediatria, 1954, 3, 62–65.

Chen Y, Tang J, Wang X, Sun F, Liang S. An immunostimulatory polysaccharide (SCP-IIa) from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Int J Biol Macromol. 2012 Apr 1; 50(3):844-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133665

Zhao T, Mao G, Mao R, Zou Y, Zheng D, Feng W, Ren Y, Wang W, Zheng W, Song J, Chen Y, Yang L, Wu X. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble low molecular weight polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 May; 55: 609-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23416131

Zhao T, Feng Y, Li J, Mao R, Zou Y, Feng W, Zheng D, Wang W, Chen Y, Yang L, Wu X. Schisandra polysaccharide evokes immunomodulatory activity through TLR 4-mediated activation of macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol. 2014 Apr;65:33-40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418335

Zhao LM, Jia YL, Ma M, Duan YQ, Liu LH. Prevention effects of Schisandra polysaccharide on radiation-induced immune system dysfunction. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015 May;76:63-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709011

Kang YS, Han MH, Hong SH, Park C, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Kyoung KH, Choi YW, Kim CM, Choi YH. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill Fruit Through the Inactivation of Nuclear Factor-κB and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Signaling Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Murine Macrophages. J Cancer Prev. 2014 Dec; 19(4): 279-87. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285959/

Dilshara MG, Jayasooriya RG, Kang CH, Lee S, Park SR, Jeong JW, Choi YH, Seo YT, Jang YP, Kim GY. Downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators by a water extract of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill fruit in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 Sep;36(2):256-64 http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/23686005

Oh SY, Kim YH, Bae DS, Um BH, Pan CH, Kim CY, Lee HJ, Lee JK. Anti-inflammatory effects of gomisin N, gomisin J, and schisandrin C isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010; 74(2):285-91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20139628

Ci X, Ren R, Xu K, Li H, Yu Q, Song Y, Wang D, Li R, Deng X. Schisantherin A exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by down-regulating NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation. 2010 Apr;33(2):126-36. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20238486

Jeong HJ, Han NR, Kim KY, Choi IS, Kim HM. Gomisin A decreases the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 and activation of RIP2/NF-κB in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2014 Jun;36(3):195-201. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24749675

Guo LY, Hung TM, Bae KH, Shin EM, Zhou HY, Hong YN, Kang SS, Kim HP, Kim YS. Anti-inflammatory effects of schisandrin isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 4;591(1-3):293-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18625216

Blunder M, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Fabian WM, Hüfner A, Kunert O, Saf R, Schühly W, Bauer R. Derivatives of schisandrin with increased inhibitory potential on prostaglandin E(2) and leukotriene B(4) formation in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Apr 1;18(7):2809-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20236826

Lim H, Son KH, Bae KH, Hung TM, Kim YS, Kim HP. 5-lipoxygenase-inhibitory constituents from Schizandra fructus and Magnolia flos. Phytother Res. 2009 Oct;23(10):1489-92. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277963

Checker R, Patwardhan RS, Sharma D, et al. Schisandrin B exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of the redox-sensitive transcription factors Nrf2 and NF-κB. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012 Oct 1;53(7):1421-30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22917978

Chen Z, Guo M, Song G, et al. Schisandrin B inhibits Th1/Th17 differentiation and promotes regulatory T cell expansion in mouse lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016 Jun;35:257-264. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27085037

Kang YH, Shin HM. Inhibitory effects of Schizandra chinensis extract on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Apr;34(2):292-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21854164

Kim H, Ahn YT, Kim YS, Cho SI, An WG. Antiasthmatic effects of schizandrae fructus extract in mice with asthma. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014 Jan; 10(Suppl 1):S80-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24914313

Oh BG, Lee H, Kim Y, Shin M, Hong M, Jung SK, Kim J, Bae H. Inhibitory effects of Schizandrae Fructus on eotaxin secretion in A549 human epithelial cells and eosinophil migration. Phytomedicine. 2009 Sep;16(9):814-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324539

Lee HJ, Jo S, Ryu J, Jeong HS, Lee G, Ryu MH, Jung MH, Kim H, Kim BJ. Effects of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. fruit on contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Aug;12(2):2135-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25892286

Bae H, Kim R, Kim Y, et al. Effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon (Schizandraceae) on lipopolysaccharide induced lung inflammation in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jun 26;142(1):41-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22543173

Zhong S, Nie YC, Gan ZY, Liu XD, Fang ZF, Zhong BN, Tian J, Huang CQ, Lai KF, Zhong NS. Effects of Schisandra chinensis extracts on cough and pulmonary inflammation in a cough hypersensitivity guinea pig model induced by cigarette smoke exposure. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 May 13;165:73-82. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25681545

Jia R, Zhang H, Yang Z, et al. Protective effects of Schisandrin B on cigarette smoke-induced airway injury in mice through Nrf2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Dec;53:11-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29031142

Zhong S, Liu XD, Nie YC, Gan ZY, Yang LQ, Huang CQ, Lai KF, Zhong NS. Antitussive activity of the Schisandra chinensis fruit polysaccharide (SCFP-1) in guinea pigs models. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:378-385. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27497637

Zhang WF, Yang Y, Su X, Xu DY, Yan YL, Gao Q, Duan MH. Deoxyschizandrin suppresses dss-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2016 Nov;22(6):448-455. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27976641

Gu BH, Minh NV, Lee SH, et al. Deoxyschisandrin inhibits H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death in intestinal epithelial cells through nuclear factor-kappaB. Int J Mol Med. 2010 Sep;26(3):401-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20664957

Liu W, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yu T, Lu Q, Chen H. Suppression of MAPK and NF-κ B pathways by schisandrin B contributes to attenuation of DSS-induced mice model of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmazie. 2015 Sep;70(9):598-603. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26492645

Jeong JW, Kim J, Choi EO, et al. Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract ameliorates inflammatory responses and articular cartilage damage in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. EXCLI J. 2017 Mar 14;16:265-277. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28507472

חזרה לעמוד גדילטבע

למען הסר ספק, המידע אינו מיועד להנחות את הציבור או לשמש לגביו כהמלצה או הוראה או עצה לשימוש או שינוי או הורדה של תרופה כלשהיא. ואין בו תחליף לייעוץ רפואי פרטני או אחר. הכתוב באתר אינו מהווה המלצה רפואית מוסמכת.

למען הסר ספק, המידע באתר אינו מיועד להנחות את הציבור או לשמש לגביו כהמלצה או הוראה או עצה לשימוש או שינוי או הורדה של תרופה כלשהיא. ואין בו תחליף לייעוץ רפואי פרטני או אחר. הכתוב באתר אינו מהווה המלצה רפואית מוסמכת.

Verified by MonsterInsights