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שכיזנדרה סינית

נהוג לעשות שימוש בפירות בשלים /מיובשים ובזרעים לאכילה משמעות השם הסיני (Wu Wei Zi) היא ״פרי בעל חמישה טעמים״. בשל הטעמים המצויים בפרי: בעיקר חמוץ, אבל גם פיקנטי, מריר, מלוח, מתקתק.
שכיזנדרה-סינית-

היא צמח פרחים ממשפחת השיזנדרות המגיעות במקור מדרום סין, קוריאה, רוסיה ומספר מדינות באזור המזרח הרחוק.

ברפואה הסינית, נחשב הפרי, בשל ריבוי טעמיו, כמשפיע על כל האיברים הפנימיים.
לפי הרפואה הסינית מבחינים בין (Schisandra chinensis (Wu Wei Zi שהחלק שעושים בו שימוש הוא הפירות הבשלים ובין (Schisandra Sphenanthera (Nan Wu Wei Zi שבו משתמשים גם בעלים ובענפים. זני הצמח שונים במבנם המורפולוגי ובהרכבם. מונוגרף זה יתייחס רק לפירות ולזרעי הצמח Schisandra chinensis.

תוכן עניינים

צבעם של פירות השכיזנדרה אדום בוהק והם גדלים כאשכולות על צמח מטפס נשיר. מרבית המחקרים המודרניים אודות הצמח מגיעים ממדינות ברית המועצות לשעבר מהתקופה שלאחר מלחמת העולם השנייה, כאשר המשטר הסובייטי הורה לחקור את הצמח הסיני המכונה Limonnik בהשראת השימוש בו בשבט הננאי (Nanai), שבט של ציידים נוודים ממזרח המדינה שהשתמשו בצמח במסעותיהם כדי לשפר את ראיית הלילה וכדי להתגבר על רעב, צמא ותשישות, ולבחון את אפשרויות השימוש בו כ”מקור לחומצות אורגניות, שמנים אתריים וחומרים מחזקים”.

בשנות השישים של המאה הקודמת זכה הצמח למעמד רשמי ברפואה הממוסדת בברית המועצות לשעבר כטוניק, מפחית תיאבון ועייפות, מעכב תהליכי הזדקנות, מגביר חיוניות ומשפר את הבריאות המנטלית.

צבעם של פירות השכיזנדרה אדום בוהק והם גדלים כאשכולות על צמח מטפס נשיר. מרבית המחקרים המודרניים אודות הצמח מגיעים ממדינות ברית המועצות לשעבר מהתקופה שלאחר מלחמת העולם השנייה, כאשר המשטר הסובייטי הורה לחקור את הצמח הסיני המכונה Limonnik בהשראת השימוש בו בשבט הננאי (Nanai), שבט של ציידים נוודים ממזרח המדינה שהשתמשו בצמח במסעותיהם כדי לשפר את ראיית הלילה וכדי להתגבר על רעב, צמא ותשישות, ולבחון את אפשרויות השימוש בו כ”מקור לחומצות אורגניות, שמנים אתריים וחומרים מחזקים”.

בשנות השישים של המאה הקודמת זכה הצמח למעמד רשמי ברפואה הממוסדת בברית המועצות לשעבר כטוניק, מפחית תיאבון ועייפות, מעכב תהליכי הזדקנות, מגביר חיוניות ומשפר את הבריאות המנטלית.

רכיבים פעילים עיקריים

ליגנאנים* (כ- 4-19% ממשקל הפירות היבשים; ביניהם Deoxyschisandrin, Gomisin A , Schisandrin, Schisandrin B, Schisandrin C, γ-Schisandrin, Schisanthenol, Schisantherin A, Schisantherin B, Schisanchinins A–D, Schineolignans A–C, Schinlignins A and B), טריטרפנואידים (schindilactone A-C, pre-schisanartanes—schisanartanins A and B, bisnortriterpenoids), פנולים (chlorogenic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, salicylic, gentisic, syringic acids) פלבונואידים (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, quercetin), חומצות אורגניות (עד 18% ממשקל הפירות היבשים, ביניהם citrus, tartaric, malic, fumaric acids), פיטוסטרוֹלים (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol), שמן נדיף (3% מסך הצמח, כולל ססקוויטרפנים ומונוטרפנים:sesquicarene, bisabolene, ɑ-bergamotene, β-chamigrene, β-himachalene, ylangene, citral), פוליסכרידים ומונוסכרידים, מינרלים (סידן, מגנזיום, ברזל, מנגן, בורון, אבץ, כרום, ניקל, נחושת, קובלט), ויטמין C וויטמין E.

פעילות רפואית חיובית

אדפטוגן (טוניק),

מרגיע, משרה שינה

משקם ותומך במערכת העצבים,

נוֹגד דִיכאון,

נוֹגד חַרדה,

מווסת חיסון,

נוֹגד דַלקת,

מגן כבד,

ממריץ מרה והפרשתה,

משפר תפקוד כלי דם,

מווסת לחץ דם,

מגן/מחזק לב,

נוֹגד חִמצון,

מוריד רמות סוכר בדם (היפוגליקמי),

סוּכרת, הַשמנה ותסמונת מטבולית

מוריד רמות שומנים/כולסטרול בדם,

מגן כליות,

נוֹגד סַרטן,

מקדם אסטרוגן,

מאזן חומציות קיבה,

מעודד התחדשות רקמות,

מצמת,

נוֹגד זִיהום.

גיל המעבַר בנשים
פעילות אדפטוגנית

גַסטריטיס וכיבים פפטיים

שיפור תפקודי הראייה

הגנה על העור

פעילות אנטי מיקרוביאלית

מקורות מחקריים

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Xia N, Li J, Wang H, Wang J, Wang Y. Schisandra chinensis and Rhodiola rosea exert an anti-stress effect on the HPA axis and reduce hypothalamic c-Fos expression in rats subjected to repeated stress. Exp Ther Med. 2016 Jan;11(1):353-359. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4727095/

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Dilshara MG, Jayasooriya RG, Kang CH, Lee S, Park SR, Jeong JW, Choi YH, Seo YT, Jang YP, Kim GY. Downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators by a water extract of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill fruit in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 Sep;36(2):256-64 http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/23686005

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Ci X, Ren R, Xu K, Li H, Yu Q, Song Y, Wang D, Li R, Deng X. Schisantherin A exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by down-regulating NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation. 2010 Apr;33(2):126-36. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20238486

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Blunder M, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Fabian WM, Hüfner A, Kunert O, Saf R, Schühly W, Bauer R. Derivatives of schisandrin with increased inhibitory potential on prostaglandin E(2) and leukotriene B(4) formation in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Apr 1;18(7):2809-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20236826

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Kang YH, Shin HM. Inhibitory effects of Schizandra chinensis extract on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012 Apr;34(2):292-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21854164

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Lee HJ, Jo S, Ryu J, Jeong HS, Lee G, Ryu MH, Jung MH, Kim H, Kim BJ. Effects of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. fruit on contact dermatitis induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Aug;12(2):2135-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25892286

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Zhong S, Nie YC, Gan ZY, Liu XD, Fang ZF, Zhong BN, Tian J, Huang CQ, Lai KF, Zhong NS. Effects of Schisandra chinensis extracts on cough and pulmonary inflammation in a cough hypersensitivity guinea pig model induced by cigarette smoke exposure. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 May 13;165:73-82. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25681545

Jia R, Zhang H, Yang Z, et al. Protective effects of Schisandrin B on cigarette smoke-induced airway injury in mice through Nrf2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Dec;53:11-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29031142

Zhong S, Liu XD, Nie YC, Gan ZY, Yang LQ, Huang CQ, Lai KF, Zhong NS. Antitussive activity of the Schisandra chinensis fruit polysaccharide (SCFP-1) in guinea pigs models. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:378-385. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27497637

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Liu W, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yu T, Lu Q, Chen H. Suppression of MAPK and NF-κ B pathways by schisandrin B contributes to attenuation of DSS-induced mice model of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmazie. 2015 Sep;70(9):598-603. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26492645

Jeong JW, Kim J, Choi EO, et al. Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract ameliorates inflammatory responses and articular cartilage damage in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. EXCLI J. 2017 Mar 14;16:265-277. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28507472

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